New study reveals global risk distribution of visceral leishmaniasis

Announcing a new article publication for Zoonoses journal. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease posing increasing public health concerns. Although efforts to eliminate VL are underway, its global risk distribution remains unclear, because of changes in transmission risk.

Worldwide province-level data on VL incidence were obtained from multiple sources. The authors of this article analyzed the global evolution features of VL and estimated its ecological niches with boosted regression tree models. A risk map was generated to analyze regions with high VL risk.

A total of 558 articles and 2,694 records from 310 provinces were included. The model indicated that precipitation in the warmest quarter and poor socio-demographic index were the most significant risk factors affecting VL distribution. The risk map indicated that Brazil, Iran, Ethiopia, and India were the regions with the highest probability of infection. It was estimated that 5.3 billion people live in regions at risk of VL.

VL is undergoing geographic expansion. This study increases understanding of VL's global-risk distribution and how risk factors influencing the disease transmission. The findings may aid in promoting disease control in future surveillance activities.