Study maps how birth order tracks disease risk across 10 million siblings

	Children's Health
	The latest pediatrics news from News Medical

	Study maps how birth order tracks disease risk across 10 million siblings Researchers analyzing claims from more than 10 million siblings linked first-born status to higher odds of several neurodevelopmental and allergic diagnoses, while second-born status tracked with substance abuse and gastrointestinal conditions. The observational study identified 150 significant birth-order associations across the phenome, but claims data and residual confounding prevent causal conclusions.

	Why pulses could play a bigger role in healthy and sustainable diets A narrative review finds that pulses may support gut and metabolic health through their fiber, protein, phytochemicals, and interactions with the gut microbiota, while offering a lower environmental footprint than many animal protein sources. Human evidence is strongest for selected cardiometabolic outcomes, while many microbiome and fermentation-related benefits remain supported mainly by animal and laboratory studies.

			First-trimester protein intake linked to lower odds of small-for-gestational-age birth A secondary analysis of 7,067 nulliparous participants found that first-trimester protein intake of 0.8 to less than 1.1 g/kg/day was associated with 22% lower adjusted odds of delivering an SGA infant than intake of at least 1.1 g/kg/day. The association was exploratory, with no dose-response pattern and no confirmation in sensitivity analyses.

			For students, an early social media account may come with a lasting classroom cost Researchers linked retrospective digital-habit surveys from 5,227 northern Italian students with standardized test records spanning grades 2–10, including 4,545 students in the principal longitudinal analysis. Students who opened social media accounts in grades 6 or 7 had lower later Italian and mathematics scores than matched students who waited until grade 9 or later, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

			Air pollution in pregnancy raises birth risks differently across trimesters A population-based study of 26,582 live singleton births in Madrid found that associations between NO₂ exposure and adverse birth outcomes varied by pregnancy stage, with key patterns emerging in the first and third trimesters.

	Large US trial supports silver diamine fluoride for severe early childhood caries A phase 3 randomized trial of 830 young children with severe early childhood caries found that 38% silver diamine fluoride arrested 54.0% of eligible cavitated dentin lesions at six months, compared with 22.5% after placebo. The noninvasive treatment showed clinically meaningful efficacy, but about half of the lesions remained active, supporting close monitoring and additional preventive care.

	Biofortified millet improves toddler gut health without adverse effects Toddlers who ate iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet for nine months did not experience adverse effects typically associated with increased iron intake and developed gut microbiomes with distinct and potentially beneficial changes, according to a new study led by researchers at Cornell University's Joan Klein Jacobs Center for Precision Nutrition and Health.

	Broader autism definition may lead to confusion and possible misdiagnosis The definition of autism may have become so wide that it risks confusion and even misdiagnosis, according to a new editorial by UCL Professor Dame Uta Frith, whose pioneering research in the 1960s and 70s lay the foundations for how we understand autism.

	Medical cannabis compound alleviates nightmares associated with PTSD Nightmares are among the most agonizing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – a condition that can develop after exposure to severe traumatic experiences, such as disasters, serious accidents, acts of violence, or wartime experiences. Individuals affected relive the events intensely at night, as if they were real, time and time again.

	Growth hormone therapy improves height after childhood stem cell transplants Growth impairment is a common late effect of childhood stem cell transplantation. A Japan-wide study found that growth hormone therapy improves adult height, but prior radiation therapy and transplant-related complications negatively affect how much children benefit.

	Parenting stress influences children's screen habits, study finds Researchers at FIU have a message for parents: If screen time is part of getting through a stressful day, find a way to make it count. The goal should be to focus less on quantity and more on quality.

	Better sleep may boost academic and social success in adolescents A new UC Davis Health study published in Psychological Medicine suggests that when it comes to helping adolescents succeed in school and maintain healthy friendships, sleep may matter more than screen time, exercise or diet.

	High childhood body mass index linked to adult childlessness A study of almost 61,000 women in Denmark, published in the journal JAMA Network Open, finds that women who had an overweight or obesity body mass index (BMI) trajectory during childhood were less likely to have children than women with a normal (average) BMI trajectory, and this effect on childlessness was already apparent in their mid-20s.

	Study reveals steep financial burden of New Mexico measles outbreak A cost analysis of the 2025 measles outbreak in New Mexico found that the outbreak carried an estimated societal cost of $5.4 million, or more than $53,000 per case.

	Cat training program benefits children with developmental disabilities A cat-training program for children with developmental disabilities fostered healthy child behaviors, strengthened relationships between children and their family cats and improved cats' social behavior, a new study found.

	New website tracks vaccine preventable diseases across the United States A new website will track the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases across the United States to offer the public, the media, healthcare providers, public health officials, and policymakers reliable and visual information about current disease trends.

	Long-term study highlights ongoing care needs among former CAMHS patients Four in ten children who attend Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Scotland go on to attend specialist psychiatric services as adults, according to new research.

	Scalable education program protects transplant survivors from elevated skin cancer risk Experts at City of Hope, one of the nation's largest and most advanced cancer research and treatment organizations, are shining a spotlight on the risk of skin cancer faced by hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) survivors, as well as the need for early detection.

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