A new study finds that older women who take in substantial amount of trans fats are more likely than their counterparts to suffer an ischemic stroke. However, the risk of stroke associated with trans fat intake was lower among women taking aspirin, according to the findings from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers. The report, “Trans Fat Intake, Aspirin and Ischemic Stroke Among Postmenopausal Women,” was published today online in the journal Annals of Neurology.
Researchers from the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health studied women who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. From 1994 to 2005, 1,049 new cases of ischemic stroke were documented.
The researchers looked at 87,025 generally healthy postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 found that those whose diets contained the largest amounts of trans fats were 39 percent more likely to have an ischemic stroke (clots in vessels supplying blood to the brain) than women who ate the least amount of trans fat. The risk was even more pronounced among non-users of aspirin: those who ate the most trans fat were 66 percent more likely to have an ischemic stroke than females who ate the least trans fat.
On the other hand among women who took aspirin over an extended period of time, researchers found no association between trans fat consumption and stroke risk – suggesting that regular aspirin use may counteract trans fat intake's adverse effect on stroke risk among women.
Women who consumed the highest amount of trans fat also were more likely to be smokers, have diabetes, be physically inactive and have lower socioeconomic status than those who consumed the least trans fat, the study showed. Because about 85% of the women enrolled in the trial were white, it is also not clear if the findings apply to women of other ethnicities.
Trans fat is generally created in the food production process and is found in commercially prepared foods, including many shortenings, cake mixes, fried fast foods, commercially baked products (such as doughnuts, cakes and pies), chips, cookies and cereals.
“Our findings were contrary to at least two other large studies of ischemic stroke,”" said Ka He, associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the UNC public health school. “However, ours was a larger study and included twice as many cases of ischemic stroke. Our unique study base of older women may have increased our ability to detect the association between trans fat intake and ischemic stroke among non-users of aspirin.” He said aspirin may lower the risk of ischemic stroke because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet clumping properties.
The UNC researchers did not find any association between eating other kinds of fat (including saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat) and ischemic strokes. “Our findings highlight the importance of limiting the amount of dietary trans fat intake and using aspirin for primary ischemic stroke prevention among women, especially among postmenopausal women who have elevated risk of ischemic stroke,” said lead author Sirin Yaemsiri, a doctoral student in the school's epidemiology department.
Because people who eat a lot of trans fats tend to eat poorer diets overall, some other dietary factor may explain the association, says nutrition expert Nancy Copperman, who is director of public health initiatives at the North Shore-LIJ Health System in Great Neck, N.Y. “A diet that is high in trans fats also tends to be high in sugar, sodium, and other unhealthy things,” she says.
“The legislation banning trans fats and manufacturers' voluntary efforts to remove them from their products have had an impact,” Copperman says. “But consumers still have to be vigilant and read labels.” She adds that if that label contains the words “partially hydrogenated” - which means the product has trans fats - leave it on the grocery shelf.
The new study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, one of the National Institutes of Health. The Women's Health Initiative program is funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, also part of the NIH.
A recent CDC-funded study suggests that in the U.S., average blood levels of trans fats have plummeted in recent years, dropping by almost 60% between 2000 and 2009.
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