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Antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment saves 2.8 million years of life in South Africa

Antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection has saved 2.8 million years of life in South Africa since 2004 and is projected to save an additional 15.1 million years of life by 2030, according to a new study published online in The Journal of Infectious Diseases. The analysis suggests these dramatic benefits could be even greater if more aggressive HIV testing and treatment strategies are implemented.

4 Dec 2013

Researchers take important step towards development of future drugs for brain diseases

A successful joint collaboration between researchers at the Hebrew university of Jerusalem and the startup company TyrNovo may lead to a potential treatment of brain diseases. The researchers found that TyrNovo's novel and unique compound, named NT219, selectively inhibits the process of aging in order to protect the brain from neurodegenerative diseases, without affecting lifespan. This is a first and important step towards the development of future drugs for the treatment of various neurodegenerative maladies.

4 Dec 2013

Study compares efficacy and side effects of popular osteoporosis drugs

A study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of two popular osteoporosis drugs, denosumab and zoledronic acid, found that denosumab had a significantly greater effect on increasing spine bone mineral density and zoledronic acid caused more flulike symptoms.

4 Dec 2013

Research: Omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements can cross blood brain barrier in Alzheimer's patients

New research from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden shows that omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements can cross the blood brain barrier in people with Alzheimer's disease, affecting known markers for both the disease itself and inflammation.

4 Dec 2013

UCI-led study results have important implications for HIV vaccine development

Infectious disease researchers have identified a novel mechanism wherein HIV-1 may facilitate its own transmission by usurping the antibody response directed against itself. These results have important implications for HIV vaccine development and for understanding the earliest events in HIV transmission.

4 Dec 2013

Frequent emergency department users have multiple chronic conditions, many hospitalizations

While it has often been said that the most frequent users of overburdened hospital emergency departments are mentally ill substance abusers, a study out today (Dec. 3) by researchers from NYU Wagner and the University of California, San Francisco, has found that this belief is unfounded - an "urban legend."

4 Dec 2013

New male contraceptive pill could soon be available

A new male contraceptive could be on the horizon after scientists identified a novel way to block the transport of sperm during ejaculation.

4 Dec 2013

18F-FDOPA imaging can help distinguish radiation-induced lesions in patients with brain metastases

Imaging with the molecular imaging tracer 18F-FDOPA can help distinguish radiation-induced lesions from new tumor growth in patients who have been treated with radiation for brain metastases, according to new research published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Using this amino acid tracer, researchers found that physicians could accurately differentiate the two types of lesions 83 percent of the time. Progression-free survival could also be predicted through evaluating the 18F-FDOPA imaging results.

4 Dec 2013

TSRI scientists discover natural mechanism that cells use to protect mitochondria

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have discovered a natural mechanism that cells use to protect mitochondria, the tiny but essential "power plants" that provide chemical energy for cells throughout the body. Damage to mitochondria is thought to be a significant factor in common neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and even the aging process. The TSRI researchers' discovery could lead to new methods for protecting mitochondria from such damage, thereby improving human health.

4 Dec 2013

Study finds two distinct subtypes in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas

Children's National researcher, Javad Nazarian, PhD, authored a new study entitled, "Comparative Multidimensional Molecular Analyses of Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Reveals Distinct Molecular Subtypes." The study found, for the first time, two distinct subtypes in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

4 Dec 2013

Better understanding of cancer evolution could help in early detection of cancers

A new appreciation of how cancer cells evolve could help scientists design better screening methods to catch cancer before it advances.

4 Dec 2013

New study examines gender differences in prevalence and pathophysiology of COPD

A new study review authored by the University of Kentucky's Dr. David Mannino examines the gender differences in the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and how this information may ultimately be used to identify areas for future work.

4 Dec 2013

Pyridomycin turns out to be a lethal weapon against TB

Technology has made it possible to synthesize increasingly targeted drugs. But scientists still have much to learn from Mother Nature. Pyridomycin, a substance produced by non-pathogenic soil bacteria, has been found to be a potent antibiotic against a related strain of bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

4 Dec 2013

Finding identifies new mechanism that could contribute to the pathology of ALS

RNA molecules, used by cells to make proteins, are generally thought to be "silent" when stowed in cytoplasmic granules. But a protein mutated in some ALS patients forms granules that permit translation of stored RNAs, according to a study in The Journal of Cell Biology. The finding identifies a new mechanism that could contribute to the pathology of the disease.

4 Dec 2013

New research reveals how high-protein diet reduces muscle loss when dieting

Building upon the discovery that a high-protein diet reduces muscle loss when dieting, a new research report published online in The FASEB Journal now helps explain why. Protein consumption slows the ubiquitin proteasome system, which is primarily responsible for degrading skeletal muscle.

4 Dec 2013

Patients treated for traumatic eye socket injuries at academic medical centers fare well at far less cost

Adding to evidence that “high-volume” specialty care in busy teaching hospitals leads to efficiencies unavailable in community hospitals, a new study by Johns Hopkins researchers finds that patients undergoing repair of traumatic eye socket injuries at its busy academic medical center fared just as well at far less cost than those treated at all other Maryland hospitals.

4 Dec 2013

Findings could have important implications for personalized treatment of colon cancer

A common observation in oncology is the phenomenon that a patient with a tumor receives a drug and responds very well, but after a few months the cancer comes back and is now resistant to previously administered chemotherapy. What happened? Many mechanisms contribute to explain this effect called "acquired resistance", but today the group Manel Esteller, Director of Epigenetics and Cancer Biology at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, ICREA researcher and Professor of Genetics at the University of Barcelona, describes in the official Journal of the National Cancer Research Center in the United States, The Journal of The National Cancer Institute, the existence of epigenetic differences that explain the lack of response of the tumor recurs.

4 Dec 2013

Newly discovered receptor may help in early diagnosis and treatment for sepsis

Sepsis, or septicaemia, is a devastating disease that is difficult to diagnose early and for which treatment options are limited. The number of deaths from sepsis exceeds those from lung cancer, and from breast and bowel cancer combined.

4 Dec 2013

Older HIV-positive men at higher risk of HPV that causes anal cancer

Human papillomavirus, or HPV, which can cause cervical cancer in women, is also known to cause anal cancer in both women and men. Now, a study led by researchers at the UCLA School of Nursing has found that older HIV-positive men who have sex with men are at higher risk of becoming infected with the HPVs that most often cause anal cancer.

4 Dec 2013

Research findings pave new ways to treat gastrointestinal disorders

For those living with gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcers or Crohn's disease, treatment often means quelling uncomfortable symptoms through medications or dietary changes. But what if one day treatment meant doing away with the old gut for a new gut free of inflamed or diseased tissues?

4 Dec 2013

Medical Research News

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment saves 2.8 million years of life in South Africa

Researchers take important step towards development of future drugs for brain diseases

Study compares efficacy and side effects of popular osteoporosis drugs

Research: Omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements can cross blood brain barrier in Alzheimer's patients

UCI-led study results have important implications for HIV vaccine development

Frequent emergency department users have multiple chronic conditions, many hospitalizations

New male contraceptive pill could soon be available

18F-FDOPA imaging can help distinguish radiation-induced lesions in patients with brain metastases

TSRI scientists discover natural mechanism that cells use to protect mitochondria

Study finds two distinct subtypes in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas

Better understanding of cancer evolution could help in early detection of cancers

New study examines gender differences in prevalence and pathophysiology of COPD

Pyridomycin turns out to be a lethal weapon against TB

Finding identifies new mechanism that could contribute to the pathology of ALS

New research reveals how high-protein diet reduces muscle loss when dieting

Patients treated for traumatic eye socket injuries at academic medical centers fare well at far less cost

Findings could have important implications for personalized treatment of colon cancer

Newly discovered receptor may help in early diagnosis and treatment for sepsis

Older HIV-positive men at higher risk of HPV that causes anal cancer

Research findings pave new ways to treat gastrointestinal disorders

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