Metabolism News and Research

Latest Metabolism News and Research

Research looks at human gut when exposed to widely used antibiotic ciprofloxacin

We are always being told by marketers of healthy yogurts that the human gut contains a bustling community of different bacteria, both good and bad, and that this balance is vital to keeping you healthy.

18 Nov 2008

Breakthrough reveals first ever complete structure of a nuclear hormone receptor on human DNA

For decades, scientists have been studying nuclear hormone receptors to gain a better understanding of how they turn genes on and off throughout the body and how they function as key drug targets for a number of diseases, such as diabetes, breast cancer, osteoporosis and high cholesterol. A new UVA Health System study, led by Fraydoon Rastinejad, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology and director of the UVA Center for Molecular Design and published in the October 29 issue of Nature, reveals the first ever complete structure of a nuclear hormone receptor on human DNA – a discovery that now clears a new path for scientists to design more effective drugs with fewer associated health risks. “Dr. Rastinejad’s findings fundamentally change the way people all over the world will study how nuclear hormone receptors work and introduces a new platform for designing better drugs,” says Jim Garrison, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology at UVA Health System. Nuclear hormone receptors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), are proteins that sit on the surface of cells and bind to specific hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and thyroid hormone. Once the receptor binds to its hormone and its DNA regulatory element, it can cause a number of alterations in the cell, switching genes on and off. These switches control the continual regulation of the metabolic system and reproductive tissues, as well as the development and differentiation of skin, bone and behavioral centers in the brain. “PPARs are widely studied because they regulate the genes that produce fat cells, glucose, insulin, lipids and metabolism,” says Dr. Rastinejad. “That’s what makes them such good drug targets for diseases like diabetes. We can design drugs more rationally to bind to the PPAR nuclear receptor complex to help regulate these functions in the body.” A number of diabetes drugs, called insulin sensitizers, have been developed based on that knowledge, but now that scientists have a clear view into how these receptors bind and what shape they take the door is wide open for the development of better drugs. "After 40 years of nuclear receptor research, we finally can view the first full and complete structure of a nuclear receptor, thanks to Dr. Rastinejad’s break-though achievement,” says Bert W. O’Malley, Ph.D., professor and chairman, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Baylor College of Medicine who is widely considered a top expert in the field.

17 Nov 2008

Scientists discover how certain antibiotics kill bacteria

A series of genetic clues led a team of Boston University biomedical engineers to uncover exactly how certain antibiotics kill bacteria.

17 Nov 2008

Previously unknown regulatory step during HIV replication provides potential new target for HIV/AIDS therapy

A previously unknown regulatory step during human immunodeficiency (HIV) replication provides a potentially valuable new target for HIV/AIDS therapy, report researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

16 Nov 2008

Higher levels of blood phosphate may be a previously unidentified and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor

Healthy adults with higher levels of phosphate in the blood are more likely to have increased levels of calcium in the coronary arteries-a key indicator of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular disease risk, reports a study in the February 2009 issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN).

16 Nov 2008

Osteoporosis drugs may prevent future bone growth

Patients who start and eventually stop regimens of a common class of osteoporosis drugs called bisphosphonates may be unable to benefit from parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can rebuild bone mass lost due to advanced stage osteoporosis. PTH has been proven to increase the volume and strength of the honeycomb-like bone infrastructure, the inner mesh that begins to diminish in old age.

13 Nov 2008

Discovery of unique approach for delivering drugs to the brain - potential for Alzheimer's and stroke

Saint Louis University researchers have identified a novel way of getting a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease and stroke into the brain where it can do its work.

12 Nov 2008

Staying active may lower health risks for large, retired athletes

The larger body size of professional football players doesn't increase risk of cardiovascular disease or atherosclerosis after they retire, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2008.

12 Nov 2008

U.S. patents granted to Virginia Tech for targets and methods to develop new drugs for malaria

Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties (VTIP) announces that the US Patent and Trademark Office has granted a patent for targets and methods to develop new drugs for malaria.

11 Nov 2008

Raptor Pharmaceuticals announces positive results for Convivia program

Raptor Pharmaceuticals Corp. has announced positive results in its Phase IIa study of oral 4-methylpyrazole ("4-MP") in subjects with ALDH2 deficiency, or ethanol intolerance, as the initial development stage of its Convivia program.

11 Nov 2008

Sydney student solves piece of the diabetes puzzle

An important piece in the diabetes puzzle which has perplexed scientists for decades has been uncovered by a Sydney PhD student at Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research.

9 Nov 2008

Chronic kidney disease and women's sexuality and gynecologic health

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacts a significant toll on a woman's sexuality and gynecologic health. The various effects of kidney failure and its treatments on women's sexual health from adolescence through menopause will be the topic of an in-depth series of presentations at the American Society of Nephrology's 41st Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

8 Nov 2008

Interaction between gene variants may alter brain function in schizophrenia

A collaborative study led by investigators from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is giving what may be the first look at how interactions between genes underlie a key symptom of schizophrenia, impaired working memory.

8 Nov 2008

Acologix demonstrates improved bone architecture in rat model of chronic kidney disease

Acologix, Inc. will present data indicating that its therapeutic product candidate AC-200 improved bone architecture in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

8 Nov 2008

Testosterone effective treatment for low libido in postmenopausal women

An international study showed testosterone, when used with no other hormone therapy, is an effective treatment for low libido in postmenopausal women.

7 Nov 2008

Growth hormone treatment helps short children grow up

Growth hormone treatment may significantly increase final height in children diagnosed with short stature, even in cases where the child is not growth hormone deficient, according to a new study accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).

7 Nov 2008

New clinical guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in patients at highest risk

The Endocrine Society has released a new clinical practice guideline for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in patients at metabolic risk.

7 Nov 2008

Discovery explains how insulin prompts fat and muscle cells to absorb glucose

A PhD student at Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research has uncovered an important piece in the puzzle of how insulin works, a problem that has plagued researchers for more than 50 years.

6 Nov 2008

Scientists map molecular regulation of fat-cell genetics

A research team led by Mitchell Lazar, MD, PhD, Director of the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, has used state-of-the-art genetic technology to map thousands of positions where a molecular "master regulator" of fat-cell biology is nestled in DNA to control genes in these cells.

5 Nov 2008

Scientists map molecular "master regulator" of fat-cell biology

5 Nov 2008

Metabolism News and Research

Latest Metabolism News and Research

Research looks at human gut when exposed to widely used antibiotic ciprofloxacin

Breakthrough reveals first ever complete structure of a nuclear hormone receptor on human DNA

Scientists discover how certain antibiotics kill bacteria

Previously unknown regulatory step during HIV replication provides potential new target for HIV/AIDS therapy

Higher levels of blood phosphate may be a previously unidentified and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor

Osteoporosis drugs may prevent future bone growth

Discovery of unique approach for delivering drugs to the brain - potential for Alzheimer's and stroke

Staying active may lower health risks for large, retired athletes

U.S. patents granted to Virginia Tech for targets and methods to develop new drugs for malaria

Raptor Pharmaceuticals announces positive results for Convivia program

Sydney student solves piece of the diabetes puzzle

Chronic kidney disease and women's sexuality and gynecologic health

Interaction between gene variants may alter brain function in schizophrenia

Acologix demonstrates improved bone architecture in rat model of chronic kidney disease

Testosterone effective treatment for low libido in postmenopausal women

Growth hormone treatment helps short children grow up

New clinical guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in patients at highest risk

Discovery explains how insulin prompts fat and muscle cells to absorb glucose

Scientists map molecular regulation of fat-cell genetics

Scientists map molecular "master regulator" of fat-cell biology

Precision in every drop: Inside Hamilton’s syringe technology

Exploring the Future of Neuroscience Drug Discovery

Genomic conservation in Thailand's mangroves