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Vaginal Microbiome and Gynecological Cancer

The vaginal microbiome is comprised of a plethora of bacterial species (ranging from 20 to 140), with the most abundant representation by Lactobacillus species. Next generation sequencing and other modern methods have been used to characterize healthy vaginal microbiome and discern between different “healthy” profiles that keep vaginal homeostasis in check.

22 Aug 2017

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms and Causes

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary condition where the heart fails to pump properly because the heart muscles (myocardium) have thickened (hypertrophied) and become stiff.

22 Aug 2017

Procedure for Dental Braces

The first step for dental braces is for a patient to be referred to an orthodontist due to concerns about the positioning of the teeth in the jaw. In the first orthodontist appointment, the teeth should be examined manually and with X-rays images. It is also important to discuss the dental history with the patient, which will help to guide the treatment decisions.

22 Aug 2017

Social Anxiety in Children

There are certain phases during childhood in which social anxiety is experienced by a majority of children.

22 Aug 2017

Actinic Cheilitis Diagnosis and Treatment

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a common disease characterized by grayish-white areas of discoloration on the lower lip.

22 Aug 2017

Social Anxiety Epidemiology

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia is common in the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of 2–5% in adults. It presents as a fear of any situations in which interactions with other people are required. SAD is said to be the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the world.

22 Aug 2017

Pediatric Spinal Deformities

Spinal deformities in children may be the result of many conditions, such as congenital malformation of the spinal column, disorders of the neuromuscular system or trauma. They may be progressive in which case their severity increases with age, leading to restrictions of pulmonary growth, nerve function and heart pumping capacity.

22 Aug 2017

Types of Dental Bridges

There are three main types of dental bridges: traditional fixed bridges, cantilever bridges and Maryland bonded bridges. Each of these is described in more detail below, as well as a section to uncover the differences between them and the indications for the use of each type of dental bridge.

22 Aug 2017

Tooth Extraction Risks

There are several risks and complications of tooth extraction that may affect some patients who need to have a tooth removed.

22 Aug 2017

Broken Veins from the Sun

Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight causes a number of changes in the external and internal aspects of cell metabolism. Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays are a known mutagen which can cause DNA changes in the cells forming the superficial epidermal layers.

22 Aug 2017

Chronic Solar Erythema (Sunburn)

Sunburn, or solar erythema, is a short-term skin response to excessive amounts of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mostly from the sun or from tanning lamps. There are two types of UV rays that are received by the skin during sun exposure, even when it is not during the zenithal times of 10 am to 4 pm; UVA and UVB rays.

21 Aug 2017

Femoral Anteversion in Children

Femoral anteversion is a condition in which the thigh bone or femur is twisted inwardly, resulting in the in-turning of the knees and feet. The gait is typically pigeon-toed.

21 Aug 2017

Cancer of the Outer Ear

Ear cancer is rare. Most often, it begins in the skin of the outer ear.

21 Aug 2017

Angiosarcoma Symptoms and Causes

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a class of sarcoma (soft tissue tumor) that affects the blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. This cancer is very malignant and aggressive in nature, occurring in almost all parts of the body.

21 Aug 2017

Vaginal Microbiome and Sexually Transmitted Infections

The human host is perpetually struggling with the need to tolerate and harbor beneficial microorganisms, while at the same time being able to recognize and eliminate similar microorganisms that are pathogenic. Such sophisticated and intricate system is thought to be shaped in early life via exposure to several key microorganisms.

21 Aug 2017

Patient Informed Consent and Anesthesiology

Informed consent may be defined as the process whereby a patient is provided with sufficient and accurate information about the benefits and risks of a proposed course of therapy or procedure, to equip such individuals with the knowledge as a basis on which they have a right to reject or accept therapy. In more direct terms, informed consent is formulated on the legal and moral grounds of patient autonomy.

21 Aug 2017

Walking Pneumonia Versus Common Cold

Since the common cold and walking pneumonia are both respiratory ailments, there are some similarities in their symptoms and causes.

21 Aug 2017

How does ADHD Affect the Brain?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterized by an inability to control one’s attention span so as to effectively complete one activity or cognitive process before proceeding to another. This leads to impulsive decision-making and actions, and typically a hyperkinetic mode of life.

18 Aug 2017

Histological Techniques of Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy is the study of structure and function relationships in the brain and nervous system. As this encompasses a study of both macroscopic and microscopic structures, a variety of histological tools have been developed to enable that endeavor.

18 Aug 2017

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Long Term Effects

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis or SCFE is the most common adolescent hip disease . It is associated with obesity and has a higher incidence among black, Hispanic and Polynesian racial groups. It develops between 12-16 years in boys and 10-14 years in girls.

18 Aug 2017