Harmful effects of energy drinks on children

By Dr. Ananya Mandal, MDFeb 14 2011

A new study published in the journal Pediatrics on Monday examined the risks of consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks on children and young adults. The study notes that these drinks are linked to an array of serious events like heart palpitations, high blood pressure and even cardiac arrest and death. The risk rises if young adults consuming the drink suffer from chronic diseases or take other medications.

The researchers at the University of Miami reviewed case reports, scientific studies in medical literature as well as newspaper articles, and outlined regulatory steps taken in other countries. While some countries like Denmark, Turkey and Uruguay have banned the drinks, Norway prohibits sales to children under 15. In Germany, Ireland and New Zealand, officials have reported cases of liver damage, kidney failure, seizures, confusion and arrhythmias associated with energy drink use, according to the study.

This study urged pediatricians to discuss the risks of energy drinks with patients, especially those with heart conditions and mood or behavioural disorders, like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An average energy drink contains 70 to 80 milligrams of caffeine per eight-ounce serving, about three to five times the concentration of cola drinks, but may derive extra caffeine from other ingredients, like kola nut, cocoa and guarana, the authors write. The excess caffeine also interferes with calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents. The high amounts of sugar may pose risks to those with diabetes. The excess calories and sugar also contribute to body mass index and dental decay problems.

In another survey of college students it was noted that 51 percent regularly consumed one or more of the drinks per month, and a majority of those students drank them several times a week. Insufficient sleep and a desire for more energy were cited as reasons for such consumption, said the study.

Officials with the American Beverage Association, a trade group, did not agree with the researchers. They clarified that an average energy drink contains only half the caffeine of a cup of coffeehouse coffee.