It is estimated that by 2030, the number of people with Alzheimer's disease worldwide is expected to double to 80 million. A new study shows a ray of hope. It found that daily physical activity might provide a person's best chances of staving off the degenerative brain disorder - even if they're over 80 years old.Additionally exercise does not have to be strenuous. Activities such as cooking and cleaning also led to a protective benefit.
“Our study shows that physical activity, which is an easily modifiable risk factor, is associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease,” study author Dr. Aron S. Buchman, associate professor of neurological sciences at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, said in a university written statement. “This has important public health consequences.”
For Buchman's study, published April 18 in the journal Neurology, Rush researchers monitored 716 adults - average age of 82 - with a device called an actigraph for 10 days. An actigraph is worn on a person's non-dominant wrist and measures levels of daily activity, similar to a pedometer. Participants were also asked to self-report their physical and social activities.
Over a follow-up period that averaged 3.5 years, 71 of the adults developed Alzheimer's disease. The researchers determined participants in the bottom 10 percentile of daily physical activity where 2.3 times more likely to develop Alzheimer's, compared with older adults who were in the top 10 percentile of physical activity. What's more, participants in the bottom 10 percent of activity intensity were 2.8 times more likely to develop Alzheimer's as people who were most intense during physical activity.
This link between AD and total daily physical activity remained, even after adjusting for motor function; depressive symptoms; chronic health conditions; APOE allele status; or self-reported level of physical, social, or cognitive activities.
They found that “activities like cooking, washing the dishes, playing cards and even moving a wheelchair with a person's arms were beneficial,” Buchman said. “These are low-cost, easily accessible and side-effect free activities people can do at any age, including very old age, to possibly prevent Alzheimer's. These results provide support for efforts to encourage all types of physical activity even in very old adults who might not be able to participate in formal exercise, but can still benefit from a more active lifestyle,” he added.
“We've known that muscle activity generates neurons in the brain, but this study gives us additional motivation,” says physician Gary Kennedy, director of geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center in New York, who was not associated with the study. “It shows you don't have to go to the gym. Older people very often don't want to do that.”
In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Michal Schnaider Beeri, an associate professor of psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City and Dr. Laura Middleton, assistant professor of neuroscience at the University of Waterloo in Toronto, Canada, wrote that the new study advances Alzheimer's research because previous studies relied on self-reports of physical activity, but this study backed up its results with an actigraph.
“These results may have substantial pragmatic implications for public health: motivating the elderly to be physically active, even if mobility is limited, may decrease their risk of developing (Alzheimer's)”, they wrote. “In a world that is becoming progressively sedentary, and in the context of very limited success of the currently available medications to treat or delay AD, physical activity provides a promising, low-cost, easily accessible, and side effect-free means to prevent AD.”
There is no cure or drug to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, which affects about 5 million people in the USA.
Personality traits influence physical activity and sedentary behavior