New project aims to improve efficiency of cytostatic drugs used in cancer treatment

Jan 25 2017

The European Research Council awards Wilfried Weber an ERC Proof of Concept Grant

Wilfried Weber, Professor of Synthetic Biology at the University of Freiburg, has received a grant of roughly €150,000 for his project "Hide and Seek with Cancer Drugs" in which he is working to improve the drugs used in cancer treatment. Funding is provided by the European Research Council (ERC) in the form of a Proof of Concept Grant. This grant is awarded to researchers whose research projects have already received funding from the ERC and who are working to cultivate the innovation potential of their idea and to get their discovery ready for the market. The goal of Weber's project is to improve the tolerance and efficiency of cytostatic drugs, which are used in chemotherapy to treat cancer. The grant period is 18 months.

Cytostatic drugs kill cells that grow and divide quickly. These include not only malignant cancer cells, but also healthy cells in the gastrointestinal tract or in hair roots. This can cause several of the serious side effects of cytostatic drugs to occur. The researchers' goal is to reduce the effects of cytostatics on healthy cells by encapsulating medications within small nanocontainers, called liposomes, before administering them to patients. Bulky molecules that are bound to the surface of these nanocontainers keep the liposomes from interacting with cells, so that these cannot absorb the medication. "The nanocontainers have a kind of camouflage layer that allows the drugs to hide in the body," Weber said. "Only when the patient takes a second, harmless substance do the cytostatics lose their camouflage. Then, the surface of the liposomes becomes exposed and the tumour cells can find and absorb the cytostatics."

However, the drug should not be released until the liposomes with the cytostatics have accumulated at the site where their destructive properties are needed most: where the tumour is growing. Here, the method takes advantage of one of the tumour's flaws. Just like healthy cells, cancer cells also depend on the flow of blood to get the oxygen and nutrients they need. That is why they release substances that facilitate the formation of new blood vessels. However, the blood vessels within tumours are often poorly formed and they leak small particles from the blood into the surrounding tissue. This, together with the insufficient drainage of fluids from the malignant tissue, allows the medication that has been transported through the blood stream to accumulate directly in the targeted area. After experiments with cell cultures have shown promising results, the grant will now enable the researchers to test the applicability of their method in an animal model using the widely administered cytostatic drug Doxorubicin.