New best practice recommendations to verify NG feeding tube location in pediatrics

Reviewed by Kate Anderton, B.Sc. (Editor)Oct 1 2018

Placement of nasogastric (NG) tubes (feeding tubes) in pediatric patients is a common practice, however, the insertion procedure carries risk of serious or even potentially lethal complications. While there are numerous methods of verifying an NG tube has been placed correctly, none of those methods are considered universally standard.

Based on the available evidence and endorsed by the American Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) best practice recommendations related to NG tube location verification in pediatric patients are now available online as a special report in the journal Nutrition in Clinical Practice. These recommendations are meant to supplement professional training and include:

• Education including competence validation for NG tube placement, pH measurement, , documentation of tube proper tube placement and location, patient tolerance of the procedure and decision making to determine need for radiographic evaluation and interpretation if used to verify placement.
• Use of appropriate NGT depth measurement technique to determine NGT insertion length and documentation of NGT centimeter marking where it exits the nose or mouth.
• Proper frequency of gastric pH measurement.
• Use of a radiograph when clinically necessary to confirm proper placement when there is difficulty placing the NGT, if the patient is at high risk of misplacement and in any patient whose condition deteriorates shortly after NGT placement.
• Improved standards of communication for radiograph requisition and reporting.

"These recommendations are a necessary first step in establishing best practice related to NG tube placement and verification in the pediatric patient in order to improve patient safety," said Penn Nursing's Sharon Y. Irving, PhD, CRNP, FCCM, FAAN, Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing in the Department of Family and Community Health, and a Nurse Practitioner in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Irving is the lead author on these recommendations.

Co-authors on the recommendations paper include Gina Rempel, MD, FRCPC of the University of Manitoba and Children's Hospital, Winnipeg; Beth Lyman, RN, MSN, CNSC, FASPEN of Children's Mercy Hospital in Missouri; Wednesday Marie A. Sevilla, MD, MPH, CNSC, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; LaDonna Northington, DNS, RN, BC, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Nursing; and Peggi Guenter, PhD, RN, FAAN, FASPEN of The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

These recommendations have been developed as part of the NOVEL Project, which was launched to address an important issue--what is the best practice to verify NG feeding tube location in pediatrics? NG tube misplacement can cause serious harm and/or death to patients. X-rays can be used to verify proper tube placement, but with pediatric patients, NG tubes can be removed several times a day, making the use of x-rays to verify every tube placement concerning for increased radiation exposure.

Source: https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/live/news/1186-new-best-practices-recommended-for-feeding-tube