New diagnostic test could end unnecessary chemotherapy for breast cancer

Reviewed by Alina Shrourou, B.Sc. (Editor)Jun 29 2019

A diagnostic test developed at The University of Queensland might soon determine if a breast cancer patient requires chemotherapy or would receive no benefit from this grueling treatment.

Breast cancer survivor Joy Jensen said such a test would give control back to those who felt helpless about their situation.

If an oncologist could look at test results and say, 'we don't believe you would benefit from chemotherapy', then it would have been nice to be given this choice."

Joy Jensen, breast cancer survivor

Diagnosed with high-grade invasive lobular breast cancer in June 2014, Ms Jensen underwent a mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy.

"I am a full-time worker and a mother of two teenage boys," she said.

"If I could have skipped anything in my treatment which would not have impacted my outcome, it would have been chemotherapy."

UQ Centre for Clinical Research scientist Dr Amy McCart Reed said the test could result in tailored treatment for those diagnosed with invasive lobular breast cancer.

"Using gene profiling, we can identify which patients are unlikely to need chemotherapy," Dr McCart Reed said.

"It means we could protect a significant amount of patients from enduring needless chemotherapy."

Invasive lobular breast cancer is the second most common type of breast cancer with 2000 Australian women diagnosed every year.

Although patients initially respond well to treatment, they often return years later with a terminal spread of the disease.

"It is very hard to tell at diagnosis which patients will do well from those who will not be so lucky, which means chemotherapy may be prescribed," Dr McCart Reed said.

"In this study, we pulled together a set of 194 genes that, when working together, act as a signature to help clarify which patients are likely to have a positive outcome with their breast cancer.

"If they have a low-risk signature score, it means we might relieve them of the burden of chemotherapy.

"If they have a high-risk signature score, we could continue to recommend chemotherapy as the course of treatment.

"In our lab, we are trying to work towards precision oncology and do our best to match people to treatments that will work for them."

Joy Jenson said having a test like this available at diagnosis would bring hope and a brighter future to women like her.

"This research is a positive step forward and one which empowers oncologists and patients to have control over their treatment," Ms Jensen said.