Edoxaban-based dual therapy noninferior to standard treatment in atrial fibrillation post-stenting

Reviewed by James Ives, M.Psych. (Editor)Sep 4 2019

Edoxaban in combination with a P2Y₁₂ inhibitor is noninferior to standard triple therapy for preventing bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation after coronary stenting. The late breaking results of the ENTRUST-AF PCI trial are presented in a Hot Line Session today at ESC Congress 2019 together with the World Congress of Cardiology and published in The Lancet.

Until now, no large randomized trial has tested the effects of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) edoxaban in combination with antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

ESC guidelines recommend a short period of triple therapy (oral anticoagulant, aspirin, clopidogrel) followed by a period of dual therapy (oral anticoagulant plus aspirin or clopidogrel) in atrial fibrillation patients after PCI with stenting.

ENTRUST-AF PCI enrolled 1,506 patients with atrial fibrillation after successful stent placement for acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery disease. Patients were recruited from 186 sites in 18 countries. Participants were randomly allocated to a 12-month antithrombotic regimen of edoxaban and a P2Y₁₂ inhibitor or standard therapy with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and P2Y₁₂ inhibitor plus aspirin for one to 12 months.

The edoxaban regimen was noninferior to standard therapy for the composite primary endpoint of major bleeding or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. With 128 (17.0%) events in the edoxaban group and 152 (20.1%) events in the VKA group, there was a trend towards less bleeding, but statistical superiority was not met (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.047).

The bleeding outcomes were consistent, regardless of bleeding definitions (ISTH, TIMI, BARC) and their individual components. There were four intracranial hemorrhages in the edoxaban group and nine in the VKA group. Fatal bleeding occurred in one patient on edoxaban and seven on VKA.

Principal investigator Professor Andreas Goette of St. Vincenz-Hospital, Paderborn, Germany said: "The rate of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in ENTRUST-AF PCI was comparable to other NOAC studies in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing PCI."

The main efficacy endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction and definite stent thrombosis. It occurred in 49 (6.5%) patients in the edoxaban group and in 46 (6.1%) patients in the VKA group (HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.71-1.59). The study was not powered for formal statistical testing of the main efficacy endpoint. No numerical trends were observed for any individual component of the main efficacy endpoint.

Professor Goette said:

ENTRUST-AF PCI shows that edoxaban-based dual therapy (excluding aspirin) is a safe alternative to VKA-based triple therapy (including aspirin for one to 12 months) in the prevention of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients after successful PCI for acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery disease."