Eyeglasses for students linked to higher test scores, better academic performance

In what may be the largest clinical study ever conducted in the United States of the impact of glasses on classroom performance, Johns Hopkins researchers report that students who received eyeglasses through a school-based program scored higher on reading and math tests. The findings, they say, could lead to improved learning for millions of children who suffer from vision impairment and lack access to pediatric eye care.

The study was published Sept. 9, 2021, in JAMA Ophthalmology.

"We rigorously demonstrated that giving kids the glasses they need helps them succeed in school," says study senior author Megan Collins, M.D., M.P.H., a pediatric ophthalmologist at the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, associate faculty at the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, and co-director of the Johns Hopkins Consortium for School-Based Health Solutions.

The team studied students who received eye examinations and glasses through the Vision for Baltimore program — an effort launched in 2016 after Johns Hopkins researchers identified a need for vision care among the city's public school students. At that time, as many as 15,000 of the city's 60,000 pre-K through eighth grade students likely needed glasses, although many didn't know it or have the means to get them.

Conducted from 2016 to 2019, the clinical trial analyzed the performance of 2,304 students in third through seventh grades who received screenings, eye examinations and eyeglasses from Vision for Baltimore. The research team studied the students' scores on standardized reading and math tests, measuring both one-year and two-year impacts.

Reading scores increased significantly after one year for students who received glasses, compared with students who got them later. There also was significant improvement in math for elementary school students.

The researchers found particularly striking improvements for girls, special education students and students who had previously been among the lowest performing.

The glasses offered the biggest benefit to the very kids who needed it the most — the ones who were really struggling in school."

Megan Collins, M.D., M.P.H., Senior Author

The academic improvements seen after one year were not sustained over two years. The researchers suspect this could be a result of students wearing their glasses less over time, possibly due to losing or breaking them.

To maintain the academic achievement seen after the first year, the researchers say that — in addition to providing the initial exams and glasses — school-based vision programs should develop stronger efforts to make sure children are wearing the glasses received and replace them if needed.