NHS needs to ramp up non-emergency treatments by 10% to tackle pandemic backlog

University of EdinburghJan 13 2024

The NHS must treat at least 10 percent more non-emergency hospital cases a month if it is to successfully start reducing the hefty backlog caused by the pandemic, according to a new analysis in The Lancet.

Correspondance: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on NHS England waiting times for elective hospital care: a modelling study. Image Credit: toodtuphoto / Shutterstock

From February 2020 to October 2022, the waiting list for non-urgent care grew by 2.6 million cases – a projected 1.8 million more than if the pandemic had not hit.

Experts say the build-up of cases will not be cleared before the end of 2025 even if capacity is increased by 30 percent compared to pre-pandemic levels outlined in NHS England's recovery plan.

In the early stages of the pandemic, the NHS was forced to postpone elective or non-urgent treatments to focus resources on patients seriously unwell with Covid-19. This has led to a backlog of people waiting to receive care, with many requiring several referrals for multiple conditions.

To estimate the extent of disruption, researchers from the Universities of Edinburgh and Strathclyde looked at the number of referrals waiting to be treated each month in England from January 2012 to October 2022.

The waiting list rose from 2.4 million in January 2012 to 4.6 million at the start of the pandemic in February 2020, increasing by about 275,000 referrals per year. This steady rise suggests the service was already gradually declining before the pandemic.

COVID-19 then intensified the decline, researchers say. By October 2022, there were more than 7.2 million referrals waiting to receive non-urgent treatment.

Experts warn this is likely to be a substantial under-estimate of the backlog because of the anticipated large numbers of people yet to come forward for care following the pandemic.

An estimated 10.2 million fewer referrals were made to elective care from the beginning of the pandemic to 31 October 2022, according to the study.

How many of these missing patients return for care is one of the biggest unknowns when predicting future waiting list numbers.

The research team simulated a range of scenarios based on between 25 percent and 75 percent of missing patients seeking health care. This allowed scientists to model the outcome of several increases in capacity on waiting list numbers.

The findings illustrate the importance of resilience within the healthcare system to minimize the impact of any future emergencies on the provision of routine care, researchers say.

Dr Syed Ahmar Shah from the University of Edinburgh's Usher Institute, who led the study, said: "The healthcare system was struggling to keep up with the demand many years before the pandemic, and the COVID-19 pandemic only aggravated the problem. Moving ahead, it is evident that we cannot afford to leave our healthcare systems strained; instead, we must enhance their resilience to ensure better preparedness for any future emergencies."

NOTE: Research letters published in the Correspondence section include research findings and are externally peer-reviewed. Letters published in the Correspondence section represent the views of the authors and not necessarily the views of The Lancet journals.