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Biomedical Applications of Biophotonics

Biophotonics is the science of producing and utilizing photons or light to image, identify, and engineer biological materials. It is the integration of four major technologies: biotechnology, lasers, photonics, and nanotechnology.

17 Oct 2017

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC)

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a recent technique used in the investigation and direct visualization of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and interaction between proteins and other macro-molecules that are essential for survival of cells.

17 Oct 2017

BiFC Applications

In almost all cellular processes, there involves a complex protein network. Several high-throughput screening technologies are in use for discovering the enormous protein interaction networks.

17 Oct 2017

BiFC Limitations

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay is a nonintrusive fluorescence-based method used to exactly visualize the in vivo interaction of proteins with the help of fixed cells or live-cell imaging. This technique is also used to localize the subcellular interacting proteins without any additional external agents.

11 Oct 2017

BiFC Advantages

Interaction between proteins is the underlying mechanism for the creation of biological regulatory characteristics. The protein interaction study in live cells is essential as the interaction in a specific cell relies on proteins comprised in the cell and the external agents that stimulate the cell.

11 Oct 2017

Automation and Sample Preparation for Sanger Sequencing

Sanger sequencing is a DNA sequencing method developed by Fred Sanger in 1977. The technique is based on incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during replication of DNA. This creates DNA chain lengths corresponding to every nucleotide.

11 Oct 2017

Applications of Microfluidic Sanger Sequencing

Microfluidic Sanger sequencing is the implementation of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing on a chip; therefore, this allows for the manipulation of fluids at the submicron size. Requiring much smaller sample volumes, microfluidic Sanger sequencing automates the reaction, separation and detection processes.

11 Oct 2017

Analytical and Preparative Chromatography

Chromatography (from the Greek words chroma, "color," and graphein, "to write") is a method for the separation of a mixture. In simple terms, the process involves dissolving the mixture in a fluid (mobile phase), which is then passed through another material (stationary phase).

11 Oct 2017

Analytical Chemistry Techniques

Analytical chemistry is a science in which materials are separated, identified and quantified. The techniques used in this branch of chemistry are defined as the chemical or physical principles employed to study a substance which is to be analyzed (the analyte).

11 Oct 2017

Analytical Chemistry Research

Analytical chemistry is an essential and fast-developing field of chemical research because it holds the key to the techniques and instruments used in the detection, isolation, characterization and purification of every chemical used in science.

11 Oct 2017

Epitranscriptome Analysis

The modifications in RNA sequence relating to the functional changes of a protein is known as the epitranscriptome. The protein synthesis involves two processes called transcription and translation. The change that occurs in RNA in the post-transcriptional stage results in alteration in function of the proteins.

20 Sep 2017

Using Mass Spectrometry for Protein Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry (MS) is considered to be a powerful method for quickly and efficiently identifying protein samples. Most crucial issues in the analysis of protein complex through MS include specificity of protein complex and contaminants in background protein.

18 Sep 2017

MALDI Imaging

MALDI is the acronym for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. It is a type of mass spectrometry imaging that allows for label-free measurements of biological molecules such as proteins and peptides within tissue.

14 Sep 2017

Protein Structure Determination

Proteins play a crucial role in the world of research and their structures are, therefore, of great interest to the researcher. Many techniques and methods have been used to determine this, but one of the most important has been the discovery and development of X-ray crystallography.

11 Sep 2017

Microfluidic Sanger Sequencing Technologies

Sanger sequencing involves sequencing DNA by first copying single-stranded DNA by adding nucleotides to the chain. Each DNA fragment is terminated by the incorporation of a fluorescently labeled deoxynucleotide.

11 Sep 2017

Future DNA Sequencing Techniques

DNA sequencing has undergone radical advances since the first Sanger sequencing method was introduced in 1977.

11 Sep 2017

Illumina Sequencing

Next generation sequencing technologies were developed to improve on the speed and efficiency of shotgun-style Sanger sequencing. The technologies that fall into this category include Illumina (Solexa) sequencing, Roche 454 sequencing, Ion Torrent: Proton/PGM sequencing, and SOLiD sequencing.

6 Sep 2017

Krebs Cycle Overview

The Krebs cycle is named after its discoverer, Hans Krebs. It is also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions required for cellular respiration; it involves redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions that produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a coenzyme energy carrier for cells. The waste product, in the form of carbon dioxide, is also produced as well as further sets of reactants used to regenerate the original reaction.

6 Sep 2017

Protein Complex Analysis

Proteins, also called polypeptides, are the polymers of amino acids. There are a total of twenty amino acids called monomers that exist naturally in proteins. Proteins are found in abundance and are differentiated from each other according to the number, type, and arrangement of amino acids in series, which comprise the mainstay of polypeptides.

6 Sep 2017