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Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Overview

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN or PIN) is a histological condition that is characterized by premalignant lesions on the surface of the penis. These lesions are mainly found on the shaft skin and on the prepuce covering the glans. PeIN may be categorized as differentiated and undifferentiated PINs.

12 Jan 2018

Passive Smoking Risks to Children

Passive smoking or involuntary smoking refers to the unconscious inhalation of smoke that emerges as a result of others burning cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. This inhaled smoke is also termed as known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or second-hand smoke (SHS). Mostly children are affected by passive smoking at a higher rate than adults.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias Treatments

Hypospadias treatment is classified into different types by its location and severity. Midshaft, perineal, penoscrotal, and glanular or distal hypospadias are the major classifications of the disease. These are related to defects like chordee and hooded foreskin that results in the lag of void standing and unsatisfactory erection during intercourse. Surgery is the only possible method, which is dependent on the location and severity of the defect.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias Research

Hypospadias is the inborn genital disease in male urethra commonly occurring in one among 300 live births. It is characterized as an obstruction in the normal development of penile in which an aberrant opening in urethra occurs anywhere along the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Depending on the position of the opening, hypospadias are classified as glanular, coronal, distal penile, scrotal, and perineal. Among them distal hypospadias is the most common.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly occurring in male children where the external urethral orifice is not located at the tip of the penis. The urethral opening in this condition is usually under the penis or at the scrotum.

10 Jan 2018

How Does Alcohol Affect the Body?

Alcohol when over-consumed for the first time causes severe effects. Heavy drinking greatly affects not only the liver, but also many other parts of the body system.

10 Jan 2018

Health Risks of Alcohol Misuse

The term alcohol “misuse” refers to stages 3 and 4 in the pattern of drinking. In these stages, drinking begins to become a problem, and if the individual continues in the same manner, he is adjudged as misusing alcohol. Alcohol misuse has long-term and short-term impacts on all parts of the body.

9 Jan 2018

Health Risks of Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is the consumption of alcohol in large amounts in a very short time. It is normally described as drinking alcohol beyond the recommended levels of 4 units per day for women and 6 units per day for men. Drinking too much alcohol may be detrimental to health. In the USA, binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of the total alcohol consumed by youngsters below the age of 21 years.

8 Jan 2018

What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, also called perleche or angular stomatitis, is a common inflammatory condition of the angles of the mouth. It is found in elderly edentulous patients as well as those who still retain their teeth, or wear dentures. While it may occur without obvious cause, it is often more common among patients with oral appliances of any sort, very young children, and those who wear masks for much of the time.

8 Jan 2018

What is Angular Cheilitis?

8 Jan 2018

What are colony-stimulating factors?

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are intriguing molecules, which are glycoproteins that control the production and even some functions of granulocytes and macrophages, the immune cells that are primarily responsible for protecting the body against infections.

8 Jan 2018

Types of endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a term which refers to the overgrowth or thickening of the endometrium, the innermost lining of the uterus. It is usually thought to be due to increased growth of cells as a result of exposure to unopposed estrogen, which promotes the growth of endometrial gland cells.

5 Jan 2018

Symptoms and causes of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) normally starts as a slow-growing tumor in the appendix and it is hence classified as a low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasm (LAMN). In rare incidences, it may develop in other organs, such as the ovary, bowel, or the bladder.

5 Jan 2018

Reducing exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an inorganic compound used in the production of polycarbonate (PC) plastics and epoxy resins. PC plastics are hard and are used in manufacturing baby bottles, reusable water bottles, food containers, tableware, and other storage containers. Epoxy resins are coated on the inner linings of metal containers such as food cans, bottle tops, and water supply tubing, in order to prevent corrosion of the metal leading to contamination of the stored food products.

4 Jan 2018

Neural Mechanism of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a psychological disorder that is described by extreme anxiety in response to normal challenges, a response that has been characterized as a result of functional deterioration in the limbic system of the brain.

4 Jan 2018

Link between Bisphenol A and Increase in Blood Pressure

High blood pressure (BP) has reached epidemic proportions among the population worldwide. In the USA alone, 1 of every 3 adults is hypertensive, and another 1 out of 3 is pre-hypertensive. Researchers working on the causes of high blood pressure concur that bisphenol A is a major contributing factor to this state of affairs.

4 Jan 2018

Lifestyle Changes for Indigestion (Dyspepsia)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an important role in digestion. Dyspepsia or indigestion is a common condition that occurs when the body has difficulty in digesting food. Dyspepsia can be an occasional or recurring problem. Modifications to the lifestyle can often provide significant relief from dyspepsia.

4 Jan 2018

Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus becomes thicker and sometimes abnormal. There are different types of EH as viewed under a microscope, but the main difference between the benign and dangerous types is the presence of atypia.

3 Jan 2018

Prevention and treatment of endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition in which the uterine lining is thicker than normal. It may have many causes, but the most important association is with endometrial malignancy. For this reason, it is mandatory to distinguish between different types of EH, namely, those which are benign and those which are precancerous.

3 Jan 2018

Fibrocystic Breast Disease Causes and Treatments

Fibrocystic disease of the breast is not really a disease condition and hence it is better referred to as fibrocystic breast changes. Breasts in many women develop a lumpy or cord-like feel, made up of prominent glandular epithelial tissue without any tumorous change. However, this is a variation of normal rather than a discrete condition by itself.

22 Dec 2017