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Complications of Epidermal Nevi

Epidermal nevi are benign proliferations of one component of the epidermis. They are often derived from post-zygotic mutations in one of the RAS genes or the FGFR3 gene, or the PIK3CA gene. These genes deal with the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.

31 May 2017

Causes of Epidermal Nevi

An epidermal nevus is a benign overgrowth of epidermal cells usually seen at birth or early in childhood. There is usually one or more nevi of varying diameter.

31 May 2017

Epidermal Nevus Syndromes

The term "epidermal nevus syndrome" (ENS) is used for any of the various clinical entities which are distinctive in terms of their signs and symptoms, histopathology, and genetic composition. In most cases, they include epidermal nevi which occur along the lines of Blaschko.

31 May 2017

Dermatofibroma Management and Prognosis

Dermatofibromas are small dark nodules forming slowly on an extremity, mostly in the middle aged population, and occurring slightly more often in women than in men. There are several variants of dermatofibroma, which may differ considerably in their clinical presentation.

31 May 2017

Dermatofibroma Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

A dermatofibroma is a skin tumor composed of oval cells appearing similar to histiocytes or spindle cells. For this reason it is also called a common fibrous histiocytoma in the most frequently observed form.

31 May 2017

Dermatofibroma Presentation

Dermatofibromas are solitary tumors of the skin It is usually found over the lower legs or another extremity, and occurs most commonly in middle-aged people. Its incidence is slightly increased in females.

31 May 2017

Types of Acquired Melanocytic Nevi

Acquired melanocytic nevi are clumps of melanocytes which originate in childhood but usually manifest during the prime of life, in individuals in the 30-40 year age group. Their number increases with sun exposure and in individuals with fairer skin color. As the age increases, these nevi become more prominent, raised, or even pedunculated, but finally disappear.

31 May 2017

Melanocytic Nevi

Melanocytic nevi are a category of benign melanocytic proliferations with a number of subtypes. These include congenital melanocytic nevi, blue nevi, acquired melanocytic nevi, and Spitz nevi.

31 May 2017

Nearsightedness and Farsightedness

Nearsightedness (myopia) and Farsightedness (hyperopia or presbyopia) are well-known refractive errors or refractive eye diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately 5 million people who have lost their vision because of refractive eye errors.

29 May 2017

Dry Eye Syndrome

Tears are essential to keep eyes healthy and to provide good vision. As there are no blood vessels in the cornea, basal tears are responsible to nourish and keep the cornea wet. The liquid film washes the bacteria in the eye and the antibiotic proteins kill the bacteria.

29 May 2017

Preventing Parechovirus

Parechovirus is a recently classified genus of virus that is closely related to enterovirus. This virus belongs to the Picornaviridae family and has two subtypes: Parechovirus A and Parechovirus B. Of these, Parechovirus A is the most common human pathogen and is called as human parechovirus (HPeV). They are small positive-sensed RNA viruses that are non-enveloped and single-stranded.

29 May 2017

Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not generate adequate tears or if the tears generated evaporate quickly. This definition has changed over the years. Currently, it is held that dry eye is a multifactorial disorder that can arise because of the inflammation of the ocular surface and the lacrimal gland, neurotrophic deficiency, and dysfunction of the meibomian gland. This has led to the development of new and effective treatment and medications.

29 May 2017

FODMAPs and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a somewhat common diagnosis, prevalent in 8-20 percent of the population in the US. It is a chronic disorder which has symptoms of abdominal distension and pain, diarrhea, bloating and flatulence, in one or the other combination.

25 May 2017

Halo Nevus (Mole)

A halo nevus is one type of congenital melanocytic nevus, which is a proliferation of melanocytic cells formed during embryonic life, but after conception. It manifests in adolescence or earlier, in most cases.

25 May 2017

Diet Supplements and Liver Problems

Diet supplements are used to improve an individual’s health, to relieve specific symptoms without recourse to medication, or to fill nutritional gaps. Constipation and obesity are two common health issues for which the use of dietary supplements is being promoted and is increasing.

25 May 2017

Anal Sphincter Injury During Childbirth

The anal sphincter consists of two concentric rings of muscle fibers, the internal and external sphincters, which are under involuntary and voluntary control respectively. These fibers encircle the anal canal and prevent feces from escaping involuntarily until defecation is desired.

25 May 2017

What Causes Eye Floaters?

Eye floaters (myodesopsias) emerge as a consequence of opacities developed in the vitreous fluid of the eye.

24 May 2017

Symptoms of Pyogenic Granuloma

A pyogenic granuloma is a vascular growth, also called a lobular capillary hemangioma or granuloma telangiectaticum. The name “hemangiomatous granuloma” has also been suggested. The alternative names were chosen because they reflect the vascular malformation as well as the inflammatory picture presenting within the lesion.

24 May 2017

How to Prevent Rat Lungworm Disease

The best way to prevent Rat Lungworm Disease (RLWD) is to be proactive. The more steps are taken to lower the risk factors, the less likely we are to become infected by it.

24 May 2017

Ghrelin Sites of Action

The peptide hormone ghrelin is secreted by the gastrointestinal tract, and plays a pivotal role in appetite stimulation through its action on hypothalamic neurons. Ghrelin is bound by the presynaptic terminals of neurons that secrete neuropeptide Y (NPY). These cells also receive afferent signals from neurons in the area of the brain adjacent to the third ventricle, but between the ARN and PVN groups.

24 May 2017