U.S. Pharmacopeial fellowships awarded to 6 students

Area of Research - Using the theory of planned behavior to predict Texas pharmacists' intention to report adverse drug events (ADEs). ADEs are unintended, undesirable and harmful events that are associated with the use of a drug. Some ADEs are the result of errors caused by medical staff, and most are preventable. In what is understood to be the first research of U.S. pharmacists' attitudes or willingness to report ADEs, this research will identify pharmacists' beliefs concerning reporting; identify critical factors that influence attitudes and willingness to report ADEs; explore the utility of the theory of planned behavior models in predicting intentions to report ADEs; and examine the relationship between demographic and practice characteristics and the theory of planned behavior model constructs.

Area of Research - Method development for identity and quality control of an Angelica sinensis extract by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Quality control of botanical dietary supplements that contain single or mixed herbs or herbal extracts presents considerable challenges. This research will focus on developing an innovative analytical methodology for the quality control of herbal materials and extracts, applying state-of-the-art NMR. It will focus on Angelica sinensis (Dong quai), which is widely used as a dietary supplement in the United States. The newly developed NMR method would allow the simultaneous authentication, the identification of adulterants, and the quantitation of biologically active compound markers, and thus facilitate rational quality control of the plant material and extracts in a dietary supplement.

Area of Research - Establishing best practices in dissolution testing for drug salts that undergo solvent mediated conversion: Effect of biorelevant dissolution media and its implications to bioavailability. Salt form selection is an integral part of the drug development process. For poorly soluble compounds, appropriate salt selection can result in higher dissolution rates, which are expected to lead to higher bioavailability of a drug. In a continuation of research from 2007�, this research will investigate the effect of different synthetic surface active ingredients as well as of some bile salts on the solution mediated phase transformation. This may lead to a better understanding of bioavailability.

Area of Research - Development of new analytical approaches for analysis of heparin. In 2007�, hundreds of Americans and citizens worldwide died as the result of heparin intentionally adulterated with over sulfated chondroitin sulfate. This research will explore new approaches for the characterization of pharmaceutical heparin leading to simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and CE methods that can be easily implemented in quality assurance laboratories utilizing UV and/or refractive index detection. At the same time, the establishment of hyphenated LC-NMR and cITP-NMR methods will enhance the arsenal of techniques available for the rapid identification of new natural or intentional contaminants that may be introduced into the heparin supply chain in the future.

Area of Research - Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-based fingerprint profile and quantitative analysis of Euterpe oleracea (aca-) dietary supplements and raw materials. The aca- berry is traditionally consumed in Brazil but has gained popularity in the United States, both as a food and as a botanical dietary supplement. Dietary supplements containing berries are abundant sources of anthocyanins that are associated mainly with antioxidant properties reported to provide health benefits. This research will address accurate and precise quantitation of all anthocyanins present in aca- dietary supplements and raw materials based on high resolution LC-MS method. The sample preparation procedure for aca- dietary supplements and raw materials will also be established.

Area of Research - In vitro release method for microsphere stability and performance testing. Poly lactitde-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres are under intense investigation for controlled and targeted drug delivery. PLGAs are one of the popular synthetic polymers for clinical applications as a consequence of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and resorbability. At this time there are no compendial methods available for the in vitro release testing of controlled release microsphere formulations. This research will seek to develop a standard method for parenteral controlled release microsphere formulations for incorporation into the USP-NF that can be used to minimize variations in the in vitro drug release profile and to make inter- and intra-laboratory comparisons possible.