A new study from örebro University, published in Science Signaling today, shows that heart medication reduces the build-up of plaque in the brain's blood vessels in mice. The question is if this is true also in humans? If the answer is yes, it might bring scientists a step closer to developing a medicine against Alzheimer's disease.
Together with German and Italian colleagues, the örebro researchers have uncovered how a previously unknown mechanism is the cause of rapid build-up of plaque in blood vessels in the brain. Trials involving mice have therefore been performed to establish whether a specific heart drug is able to reduce plaque formation.
"You should be careful not to draw any major conclusions from experimental studies, but we have certainly identified an interesting approach worth taking further," says Professor Magnus Grenegård at örebro University, who together with Knut Fälker and Liza Ljungberg has been working on the study led by German Professor Margitta Elvers.
The study shows how the protein beta-amyloid sticks to the surface of blood platelets, also known as thrombocytes, initiating a rapid chain reaction. The result is an incredibly fast-paced build-up of plaque.
"Plaque causes nerve cells to die at too fast a rate, causing the symptoms indicative of Alzheimer's disease, such as memory loss," says Magnus Grenegård.
"Our study is an example of solid biomedical basic research at the cell and molecular levels which points to a link that was previously unknown. What is shown is that cells in the blood may play a significant role in the development of plaque, which is found in patients with Alzheimer's disease."
Researchers therefore tested a widely used heart drug which today is used to prevent blood clots and decrease the risk of a heart attack. The trials in mice showed that the lumps of protein, the plaque, were reduced when the rodents were treated with heart medication. The medication thus slows the process down. It is certainly true for the plaque in the blood vessels, but possibly also in the brain tissue itself.
"In deep structures of the brain, where certain memory functions are controlled, there was a clear trend of reduced plaque presence."
"We do not know if this is transferrable to humans; if the effect would be the same. To find out, new follow-up studies are required. Unfortunately, this is a lengthy process - it will be years before we know. But at least we have identified a new, interesting approach with respect to plaque formation."
Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the damage of brain tissue. Early symptoms are a decline in memory and the ability to complete daily tasks, but ultimately the whole brain is affected.
"More than 100,000 Swedes have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and it brings great suffering to the patient, but also to family members. New medication would naturally be most welcome," says Magnus Grenegård.
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