Review looks into conventional versus new treatment modalities in orthodontic pain management

Patients experience pain and discomfort during active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. It can vary from person to person and is influenced by certain factors such as age, gender, previous pain experiences, stress or anxiety, and type of appliance.

The objective of this literature review was to discuss conventional versus recently introduced treatment modalities used in pain management for orthodontic patients.

According to the reviewed articles, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were introduced in orthodontic pain management. However, orthodontists must use their best professional judgment to assess each case individually and select an appropriate treatment modality based on pain threshold level of an individual.

Research Key Points

• Effective orthodontist-patient communication and targeted nutritional guidance may help in preventing pain and discomfort experienced by the patients to some extent.
• However, based on the available literature, analgesics remained the effective and routine methodology of pain management.
• Some clinicians supported that NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen had no impact on tooth movements as they were administered in lower doses and for a shorter duration. Hence, Ibuprofen was considered a safe and effective drug compared to other NSAIDs. On the contrary, other authors declared a delay in orthodontic tooth movements as a result of NSAID intake.
• Another investigation supported that paracetamol (acetaminophen) was considered the safest NSAID that had no influence on the range of tooth movements as well as root resorption. However, much of what has been published on this subject is still controversial.
• Moreover, while prescribing analgesics, orthodontists must be aware of the pharmacological action as well as the pros and cons related to each drug.
• Nevertheless, pain management is a complex phenomenon. Therefore, further investigations combining different methods of orthodontic pain control with appropriate study designs and large sample sizes are required to improve the quality of evidence.