Study investigates mental health consequences of COVID-19 geriatric care in nursing homes

No matter one's age, race, gender, socioeconomic status or political party, COVID-19 has impacted everyone at some level. That impact has been especially palpable for the approximately 1.3 million elderly Americans who reside in the country's 15,600 nursing homes.

Inside these facilities, the forced isolation caused by COVID-19 disrupted daily routines and left many of the residents with higher-then-normal levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Because many of these elderly individuals lack the resources or knowledge to use communications tools such as FaceTime or Zoom, their family and friends had no way to visit them except through a facility window.

What these family members couldn't see as they peered through their loved one's glass frame was the mental toll the pandemic was taking on the facility's health care staff.

To better understand this toll, Ashish Sarangi, M.D., recently conducted research into the mental health consequences of COVID-19 geriatric care in a nursing home setting.

His research, "A Descriptive Study Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Delivery of Care and Mental Health of Geriatric Nursing Home Staff," was published in the April issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. The study also was presented in March during the honors alumni session at the American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry's annual meeting.

Sarangi, co-chief psychiatry resident at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) School of Medicine, conducted his research at a nursing home facility in Lubbock, Texas using an online survey that was distributed to staff physicians, registered nurses and LVNs.

What we found is that there was a lot of mental health impact on the staff members, and the reasons were anywhere from working through optimally long hours to they didn't have enough PPE (personal protective equipment) available. They're fearful of contracting COVID and taking it home to their families and there was just, overall, a lot of stress and negative mood as well."

Ashish Sarangi, M.D., Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC)

Many of the facility's staff members did indeed contract COVID-19, requiring them to quarantine at home while others worked extended shifts to cover the time missed. The stress of working longer shifts was compounded by the lack of PPE.

"That was very challenging for them," Sarangi said. "Also, there were no visitors allowed either for the patients or staff members. It was pretty much a lockdown facility for 10 to 12 hours a day and they didn't have any kind of mental support; there was no counseling or anything like that going on."

The facility employed telemedicine and other electronic platforms to help offset staff concerns about contracting the virus and ease the sense of isolation among staff and residents. However, Sarangi said, many residents and staff found the use of technology unhelpful.

Most residents simply weren't able to successfully navigate the platforms and staff found that it added to their sanitation burden. The more equipment the technology required, the more time they had to spend sanitizing it before its next use.

In addition, the same stress that was causing mental health issues for staff and residents also was affecting their physical health. Sarangi said this is important because stress, no matter its source, can predispose people to cardiovascular conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.

"Even if you're perfectly healthy or don't have any pre-existing conditions, stress can also lead to diabetes and actually increase your risk for infections like COVID-19," Sarangi added. "And if you are chronically stressed, it can affect your immune system and predispose you to COVID-19 as well."

The availability of vaccines have eased some of the stress related to COVID-19, but Sarangi said staff still work under a cloud of fear that will likely remain until the pandemic ends. They worry every day about whether they've contracted the disease, or worse, passed it on to a family member at home or to an elderly nursing home resident.

"It's like walking into a fire sometimes because some of these long-term care facilities, at least in the heat of the pandemic, they were pretty much hotspots for COVID-19," Sarangi emphasized.

"It's something that we don't really think about in Lubbock, but it also happens here a lot. We still have a lot of nursing homes and long-term care facilities here and I think they need the mental health support; they need resources. I think that would be the main take-home point of this study."