Research using kidney organoids may lead to new targets to help prevent or treat CKD

Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc.Apr 12 2022

To a certain extent, kidneys have the capacity to repair themselves after being injured, but a switch can occur from such intrinsic repair to incomplete repair that leads to irreversible damage and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A team led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) recently used kidney organoids derived from human stem cells to identify genes that are important for maintaining healthy repair in the kidneys. The findings, which are published in Science Translational Medicine, may lead to new targets to help prevent or treat CKD.

Although various factors involved in kidney repair have been identified in animal studies, translating these findings into the clinical been difficult because many treatments deemed safe and effective in animals have subsequently been found to be toxic or ineffective in clinical trials. Human kidney organoids, which are like miniature kidneys, may help investigators avoid these setbacks.

We have pioneered the work of human kidney organoids and think they'll be useful for therapeutic development for CKD. As physician-scientists, we wanted to create a new CKD model in human cells to facilitate drug development."

Navin Gupta, MD, lead author, investigator, Division of Nephrology at MGH

When Gupta and his colleagues exposed human kidney organoids to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, which can damage the kidneys, the treatment altered the express of 159 genes and 29 signal pathways within kidney cells undergoing intrinsic repair. Many of the genes they identified, including 2 called FANCD2 and Rad51, were activated

during intrinsic repair, but their expression dropped as kidney damage became irreversible. These genes code for proteins that play a role in the repair of DNA when it becomes damaged within cells. Additional experiments in mouse models of kidney injury and in human kidney biopsies confirmed the findings discovered in the kidney organoids.

Finally, through drug screening tests, the scientists identified a compound known as SCR7 that helped to maintain FANCD2 and RAD51 activity to rescue normal tissue repair and prevent the progression of CKD in the researchers' cisplatin-induced organoid injury model.

We have shown that the activation of a DNA repair mechanism can help to maintain healthy kidney status. In the future, this approach might become a new therapeutic option for patients with CKD."

Ryuji Morizane, MD, PhD, senior author, principal investigator, Division of Nephrology at MGH