"Almost every study now has said with these new boosters, you’re more likely to get infected with the bivalent booster."
Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis, on Jan. 17, 2023, during a press conference
As he proposed to extend the state’s ban on mandates for covid vaccines and face masks, Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis lobbed a flurry of criticism at President Joe Biden and “the medical establishment.”
Fewer than 11% of eligible Floridians have received an updated booster vaccine, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The bivalent booster, which contains components of the original covid virus and the omicron variant, is designed to provide broad protection against illness or hospitalization from those covid strains.
Research into the efficacy of the bivalent booster in preventing infection continues.
Broadly speaking, covid vaccines do not prevent infection; they prevent the virus from spreading within the body and causing severe illness, according to Johns Hopkins University. Early CDC research shows that people who got the booster were 84% less likely to be hospitalized from covid.
The data collected on the booster’s ability to curb infection is early and limited. Some clinical trials have shown that bivalent shots are no more equipped to prevent people from contracting covid than the original vaccines.
Although some people have suggested the bivalent booster offers little protection against infection, DeSantis went further. He said people who received the bivalent booster shot were more susceptible to covid than those who hadn’t.
The governor’s press office responded to PolitiFact’s inquiry about the claim, citing two articles and three studies, two of which are not yet peer-reviewed. The most recent came from the Cleveland Clinic and was discussed in an opinion article in The Wall Street Journal.
Dr. Nabin Shrestha, an infectious-disease physician and one of the study’s authors, told PolitiFact the data did not find a link between the bivalent shot and a higher risk of contracting covid. The early conclusion was the opposite of what DeSantis said: The dose is, in fact, effective in preventing infection.
DeSantis’ conclusion could not be drawn from that study
Cleveland Clinic researchers examined the bivalent booster’s effectiveness in preventing infection among 51,011 health care workers — some of whom had not received the booster — from September to December 2022. Pfizer and Moderna offer the bivalent booster, which the FDA authorized in August.
Over those four months, about 5% of the clinic’s employees contracted covid. The researchers then estimated that the bivalent booster was about 30% effective in reducing the likelihood of contracting the virus.
The Cleveland Clinic researchers were not trying to determine the bivalent vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing severe illness or hospitalization.
“The study wasn’t measuring the vaccine causing infection,” said Jill Roberts, a public health professor at the University of South Florida. “The study was measuring the efficacy of the bivalent vaccine in preventing infection.”
What drove coverage in outlets like The Wall Street Journal was an “unexpected” association researchers found between the number of prior vaccine doses and an increased risk of contracting covid. People with three or more doses of the vaccine had a higher chance of getting infected.
That finding quickly overshadowed the protection the bivalent shot provided. The Wall Street Journal opinion piece cited the Cleveland Clinic’s study as evidence that vaccine boosters are making “the population as a whole” more vulnerable to covid.
Andrea Pacetti, the Cleveland Clinic’s public and media relations director, told PolitiFact that the study population, whose average age was 42, is not reflective of the general public.
“The study was done in a younger, relatively healthy, health care employee population. It included no children, very few elderly individuals and likely few immunocompromised individuals,” Pacetti said. “Therefore, we urge caution in generalizing the findings to the public, which can include different populations.”
More than 50% of the health care workers participating in the clinic’s study had received three or more doses of a covid vaccine; only 12% were not vaccinated.
Dr. René Najera, an epidemiologist and director of the Center for Public Health at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, said the Cleveland Clinic study’s outcome was unsurprising given the characteristics of the research subjects — mostly vaccinated health care workers.
If the majority of the study population received three or more doses of a covid vaccine, for instance, then it is reasonable to assume that the majority of covid cases would occur in that population.
“Those who were studied were health care workers: more likely to be exposed, more likely to be vaccinated as well,” Najera told PolitiFact. “If the study is found to be sound through peer review, its findings would only be applicable to health care workers in large settings such as the Cleveland Clinic, not the general public.”
Pacetti further emphasized that the study has not yet been peer-reviewed, and “more research is needed to either confirm or refute this finding.”
The Cleveland Clinic acknowledged that two other studies had found a similar association between the number of prior vaccine doses and an increased risk of contracting covid, though it had similar limitations.
One of the studies had not yet been peer-reviewed, and the other examined only health care employees. And even with that finding, the Cleveland Clinic’s study did not suggest the bivalent booster increased the likelihood of infection.
DeSantis’ “statement is incorrect,” Najera said. “That conclusion cannot be drawn from that study, and the authors state that it is not designed to evaluate that association.”
Our ruling
DeSantis said, “Almost every study now has said with these new boosters, you’re more likely to get infected with the bivalent booster.”
An unpublished study from the Cleveland Clinic examined the bivalent covid booster’s effectiveness in preventing infection among a group of about 50,000 health care workers.
However, one of the study’s authors told PolitiFact that the research did not find an association with the bivalent booster and a higher risk of covid. The study found that the bivalent booster is 30% effective in preventing infection from the virus.
The researchers did find that there could be an association between the number of prior vaccine doses and an increased risk of contracting covid. Still, that finding did not suggest the bivalent booster could cause infection or increase the likelihood of infection.
We rate DeSantis’ claim False.
Our sources
Gov. Ron DeSantis’ Rumble, “Permanent Protections Against the COVID-19 Biomedical Security State,” Jan. 17, 2023
Cleveland Clinic, “Effectiveness of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Bivalent Vaccine,” accessed Jan. 19, 2023
Email interview with Bryan Griffin, press secretary for Gov. Ron DeSantis, Jan. 19, 2023
Email interview with Jill Roberts, professor of public health at the University of South Florida, Jan. 19, 2023
Email interview with Dr. René Najera, an epidemiologist and director of the Center for Public Health at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Jan. 19, 2023
Email interview with Andrea Pacetti, director of public and media relations for the Cleveland Clinic, Jan. 19, 2023
The Washington Post, “No, Vaccines Aren’t Making New Covid Variants Worse,” Jan. 6, 2023
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID data tracker, accessed Jan. 19, 2023
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization,” Jan. 20, 2023
The Wall Street Journal, “Are Vaccines Fueling New Covid Variants?” Jan. 1, 2023
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Rumor Control,” accessed Jan. 19, 2023
The Lancet, “The Vaccinated Proportion of People With COVID-19 Needs Context,” accessed Jan. 19, 2023
Tampa Bay Times, “DeSantis Wants Ban on COVID Mask and Vaccine Mandates to Be Permanent,” Jan. 17, 2023
PolitiFact, “Why Were the Recent COVID-19 Boosters Authorized Before Human Trials Were Completed?” Sept. 13, 2022
MedRxiv, “A Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine Against Covid-19,” accessed Jan. 19, 2023
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 This article was reprinted from khn.org with permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent news service, is a program of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonpartisan health care policy research organization unaffiliated with Kaiser Permanente.
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