High-flow oxygen technique equally safe as traditional anesthesia in pediatric tubeless airway surgery

The University of QueenslandJun 11 2024

A new high-flow oxygen technique is as safe as standard anesthetic methods during tubeless upper airway surgery in children, according to University of Queensland research.

Associate Professor Susan Humphreys from UQ's Child Health Research Centre led a randomized controlled trial which compared the standard delivery of oxygen during anesthesia with a technique which delivers oxygen at much higher rates via small nasal prongs.

Children under general anesthesia for surgery to correct a problem inside their airway are at risk of low oxygen levels, and surgery often needs to be interrupted to increase oxygenation.

Our trial showed high-flow oxygen delivery during anesthesia for tubeless airway surgery was uninterrupted and successful in 89 per cent of cases, compared to 88 per cent of cases using standard care.

The nasal high-flow technique gives anesthetists a second option in deciding how best to deliver oxygen to children undergoing this type of surgery."

Dr. Susan Humphreys, Associate Professor, UQ's Child Health Research Centre

The High-Flow Oxygen for Children's Airway Surgery trial, known as HAMSTER Trial, is the largest ever of its kind.

It examined anesthetic outcomes in 497 children aged up to 16, and involved anesthetists and ear, nose and throat surgeons across 5 Australian tertiary hospitals.

Co-author, Professor Andreas Schibler from Queensland's Wesley Research Institute said tubeless upper airway surgery was a common but complex procedure, in which the anesthetist and surgeon share the same operating field – the upper airway.

"Microlaryngoscopy, where the surgeon inspects the upper and lower airway for abnormalities requires the anesthetist to use a tubeless oxygen delivery method to allow complete unobstructed viewing of the entire airway," Dr. Schibler said.

"The results of this trial eliminate uncertainty about the optimal oxygenation methods during this type of surgery, as both high-flow oxygen and standard care seem equally safe.

"This marks a significant advancement in oxygenation options in pediatric airway anesthesia knowledge."

The HAMSTER trial was funded by the Thrasher Research Fund (USA), the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and the Society for Paediatric Anaesthesia in New Zealand and Australia.

The Queensland Children's Hospital, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, and Perth Children's Hospital participated in the study.

The research was published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine with an accompanying editorial.