Unexpected six-month pattern of COVID-19 cases discovered in the U.S.

University of PittsburghSep 16 2024

COVID-19 cases in the U.S. have shown unexpected oscillating waves every six months between the southern states and the northern states and, to a lesser degree, from east to west, according to new research published today in Scientific Reports. 

Public health scientists from the University of Pittsburgh, University of Ottawa and University of Washington conducted the first detailed analysis to demonstrate and characterize the six-month oscillation of cases across space and time. It provides key information that could inform public health activities, such as vaccination campaigns, that aim to control the virus.

The COVID-19 winter waves are consistent with that of other respiratory viruses, but the existence of a repeated additional surge during the summer was unexpected. These waves start near the southern U.S. border in July and August, when the weather is hottest and the humidity is high – factors that usually tamp down the spread of respiratory viruses. We don't have a good explanation for why COVID-19 rates should increase in both the warmest and coolest times of the year." 

Donald S. Burke, M.D., senior author, dean emeritus of Pitt's School of Public Health

The research team, which includes lead author Hawre Jalal, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Ottawa, and Kyueun Lee, Ph.D., of the University of Washington, believe the data suggest the six-month U.S. COVID-19 waves may be part of a larger pattern sweeping up and down the North American continent. Further data is needed to test the hypothesis and determine the exact mechanisms fueling these unexpected seasonal oscillations.