Instead of this confusing epidemiological study that cannot establish causality (chicken vs. egg) and is entirely dependent on imprecise food frequency questionnaires and statistical models, read this balanced, scientifically accurate, and peer reviewed article on multivitamin/mineral supplementation by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University: lpi.oregonstate.edu/.../multivitamin-mineral.html. The concluding paragraph states: "National surveys indicate that many Americans are not getting enough micronutrients from the diet, possibly increasing their risk for osteoporosis, some forms of cancer, and other chronic diseases. Marginal or subclinical micronutrient deficiencies have been linked to general fatigue, impaired immunity, and adverse effects on cognition. The reality is that most Americans eat an energy-dense, nutrient-poor diet lacking in fruits and vegetables. Consequently, micronutrient inadequacies are widespread in the U.S. and around the world. Given the facts that dietary habits are difficult to change and that some people cannot afford nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement is a sensible public health recommendation. By definition, multivitamin/minerals are “supplements” and should be used to complement a healthy diet, not replace it (see http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/lpirx2.html)."