Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and collaborators in Nicaragua have been given a five-year, $2.7 million R01 award from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to better understand the epidemiology of Zika virus in pregnancy and the impact the virus has on infant neurodevelopment.
Zika, a mosquito-borne infection, is also transmitted in utero from mother to child. Zika is the only flavivirus known to cause birth defects, including microcephaly. More than 1,000 cases of Zika infection have been documented in Nicaragua in the past year.
"We do not have a lot of data about Zika virus because it is an emerging infection," said Elizabeth Stringer, M.D., M.Sc., the study's principal investigator and an associate professor of maternal and fetal medicine in the UNC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. "During this study, we will follow up with infants exposed to Zika in Léon and Managua, Nicaragua."
Stringer will work with UNC colleagues Sylvia Becker-Dreps, M.D., and Aravinda de Silva, Ph.D, as well as Filemon Bucardo, Ph.D, and other collaborators at the University of Nicaragua (UNAN) in Léon. This current study will build off of a pilot study funded by UNC's Office of Research. Stringer and colleagues collected blood from pregnant women during the peak of the Zika outbreak in 2016 in Nicaragua. When the women returned to deliver their babies, blood was collected again and cord blood was also saved.
The new study will use this remnant blood to investigate rates of mother-to-child transmission of Zika. The team will also test new diagnostic protocols under development at the UNC School of Medicine, investigate the fetal/newborn immune response to Zika virus exposure, and follow a cohort of infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes.
"We know Zika causes microcephaly in infants, but what other neurodevelopmental problems exist?" Stringer said. "We will check the infants' neurodevelopmental function through the use of the Mullen assessment as well as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and have a pediatric ophthalmologist conduct eye exams."
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