University of Cincinnati pharmaceutical sciences researcher Bingfang Yan, DVM, has received a $443,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health to study how common medicines against viral infections are genetically impacted for therapeutic effectiveness and safety through metabolic conversions in the body.
The two medicines being studied are antiviral drugs: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF). The former has been listed as an essential medicine for over a decade by the World Health Organization, and the latter is a newer version.
Both drugs are very popular HIV medicines and also used to treat hepatitis B viral infection. They are prodrugs and require metabolism to be effective."
Bingfang Yan, Professor and Researcher, UC's James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed and metabolized.
"They are generally well tolerated but have been associated with organ toxicity such as development of fatty liver in some patients," he says.
Yan points out that AIDS-related death among HIV patients has decreased in recent years, but liver disease-related death among these patients is on the rise at an alarming rate. The safety of these drugs is increasingly causing concerns, he says.
This research is a prime example of the impact UC makes on the health of global citizens and is part of the university's strategic direction, Next Lives Here.
The NIH-funded project will analyze hundreds of human tissue samples to determine whether there is a genetic predisposition to developing the side effect in the liver or whether dosing may be at issue, since both medicines come in fixed doses.
"When we do metabolic analysis of these drugs with human tissues in combination with genotyping we can see if certain people should not use the drug or use it at a different dose," says Yan.
Yan's laboratory has exhibited strong expertise in diverse research areas, particularly in drug metabolism. Several milestone findings from his laboratory have gained global attention and been reported by public and professional media outlets. For decades, Yan's laboratory has been supported by NIH. primarily through the R01 mechanism.
Yan frequently serves on scientific review panels for the NIH and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and is a contributor to the six-volume "Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions." This reference book is the result of a global effort, featuring prominent authors from 11 different countries.
Georgetown University receives $27.5 million grant to combat HIV/AIDS in Haiti