Monoclonal antibody treatment combo can reduce the impact of COVID-19 in high-risk patients

In an observational study, Mayo Clinic researchers report that the combination of casirivimab and imdevimab - two monoclonal antibody treatments under Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization - keep high-risk patients out of the hospital when infected with mild to moderate COVID-19. The findings appear in The Lancet's EClinicalMedicine.

Nearly 1,400 Mayo Clinic patients were enrolled in the study - 696 who received the drug combo between December 2020 and early April and an equally matched cohort who did not receive it. Their status was evaluated at 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. At each point, the numbers for hospitalization were significantly lower in the treated group.

On Day 14, 1.3% of the treated group was in the hospital, compared to 3.3% of those who had not been treated. On Day 21, only 1.3% treated was hospitalized, compared to 4.2% of those who had not been treated. At the end of 28 days, 1.6% of those treated were hospitalized versus 4.8% of those who had not been treated. This translated to 60%–70% relative reduction in hospitalization among treated patients. Of those who were subsequently hospitalized, the rates of ICU admission and mortality were low.

Once again, this real-world study suggests that when patients who are at high risk due to a range of comorbidities contract a mild or moderate case of COVID-19, this combination of monoclonal injections gives them a chance of a nonhospitalized recovery. In other words, they recover safely at home."

Raymund Razonable, M.D., Study Senior Author and Infectious Diseases Specialist, Mayo Clinic

A previous Mayo Clinic study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation findings suggested the use of bamlanivimab reduced hospitalizations in high-risk patients by 40%–60%. That study involved 2,335 treated patients from Mayo Clinic between November of 2020 and February.

Comparing their outcomes with 2,335 untreated patients, the ICU admission and mortality rates also were significantly lower with monoclonal antibody treatment. It should be noted that the FDA in April revoked the EUA for bamlanivimab alone and now endorses the use of combination monoclonal antibodies.

"Our conclusion overall at this point is that monoclonal antibodies are an important option in treatment to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in high-risk patients," says Dr. Razonable.