HIV-positive people are protected by Covid vaccines

Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc.Dec 9 2022

People infected with HIV who receive antiretroviral therapy form antibodies against Sars-Cov-2 after being vaccinated against Covid with mRNA vaccines. Their immune response to the vaccination is, however, less strong than that of healthy people. A third vaccination reduces this gap. These results emerged from a study with a total of 91 participants conducted by a research team led by Professor Ingo Schmitz, head of the Department of Molecular Immunology at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. The researchers published their findings in the journal "Frontiers in Immunology" of 2 December 2022.

Vaccine protection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency

Studies have shown that the vaccines against Sars-Cov-2 protect otherwise healthy people quite well against severe Covid-19. Up to now, it has remained unclear whether this is also the case for people with acquired immunodeficiency. The research team headed by Ingo Schmitz and Dr. Anja Potthoff from the Walk in Ruhr (WIR) Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin (Centre for Sexual Health and Medicine) at the university hospital of Ruhr University Bochum conducted a study with 71 HIV-positive participants who were receiving antiretroviral therapy. In addition, 20 HIV-negative control subjects took part in the study. After the first, second and third vaccination with the Biontech/Pfizer mRNA vaccine, they analyzed the immune response of each participant.

"We found that the vaccination leads to this group forming antibodies, too, but less well than is the case for healthy people," says Ingo Schmitz. "Seeing as this gap was reduced after a third shot, we believe that booster vaccinations should be recommended."

Surprisingly good cellular immune response

The researchers were surprised to discover that the cellular immune response mediated by T-helper cells was just as good in HIV-positive as in HIV-negative people. "This is despite the fact that it is precisely these T-helper cells that are attacked by the HI virus and are reduced in number in HIV-positive people," stresses Ingo Schmitz. Since T-helper cells are longer lived than antibodies, this might indicate that HIV-positive people are protected by the vaccine more or less as long as HIV-negative people.

Cooperation partners

In addition to the Department of Molecular Immunology at Ruhr University Bochum, the study also involved the Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, the Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund University IfADo, WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin (Centre for Sexual Health and Medicine) as well as the university hospitals for haematology, oncology and palliative medicine, the clinic for dermatology and the clinic for neurology at St. Josef Hospital Bochum.

Funding

The project was funded by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia as part of the research grant "SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell diagnostics", project no. MIL-1-1.