HMGB1, a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein, could serve as a signal for extracellular nuclear action and tissue damage. When cells are injured or infected, HMGB1 is passively released in the extracellular environment, transmitting danger signals to neighboring cells and triggering inflammation.1
As a result, HMGB1 is thought to be a multifaceted innate immunity-activating prototypical alarmin that has recently emerged as a potential drug target. Extracellular HMGB1 activates inflammatory signaling by acting as a pro-inflammatory cytokine via receptors such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, Tim-3, CXCR4, and RAGE. It also causes the release of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-6, CXCL11, and CXCL12.
Several potential signaling pathways for HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses have been identified. Figure 1 shows that HMGB1 can bind to TLRs or RAGE, activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing NF-κB nuclear transcription, which leads to the transcription and expression of cytokine and chemokine target genes. Furthermore, HMGB1 binds CXCL12 and can activate CXCR4 and induce cell migration.2,3
HMGB1 also promotes stem cell proliferation and chemoresistance by activating NF-κB, MAPK, and MyD88. The blockade of HMGB1 following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment (like PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs) hinders tumor growth.
Sino Biological supplies bioreagents to aid in the research and development of proinflammatory diseases and immunotherapy.
Figure 1. Interaction of HMGB1 with cell surface receptors. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Featured recombinant proteins
Sino Biological provides high-quality products that undergo stringent quality control and are trusted by users, as evidenced by citations in top-tier journals.
- High-purity
- Low-endotoxin
- Activity-validated
- Cited by researchers
Human HMGB1 protein - Cat#: 10326-H08H
Ability to induce TNF-α secretion by RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IL-6 protein - Cat#: 10395-HNAE
Immobilized human IL-6 can bind human IL-6R hFc (Cat: 10398-H02H). Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human TIM-3 protein - Cat#: 10390-H08H-B
Human TIM-3 protein can bind anti-TIMD3 antibody. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IL-1β protein - Cat#: 10139-HNAE
Ability to induce Interferon gamma secretion by human NK-92 cells. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IL-8 protein - Cat#: 10098-H01H1
Immobilized human IL-8/CXCL8 can bind Anti-IL-8/CXCL8 Antibody. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human RAGE protein - Cat#: 11629-H08H
Activity
Immobilized human AGER-His binds to mouse S100A1 (Cat: 50266-M07E) with a linear range of 15.6–250 ng/mL.
Human CXCL12 protein - Cat#: 10118-H01H
Activity
Ability to bind biotinylated recombinant human DPPIV.
More recombinant proteins (partial)
Source: Sino Biological Inc.
| Cat# |
Species |
Proteins |
Expression Host |
Purity |
Activity |
Tag |
| 10326-H01H |
Human |
HMGB1 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 97 % |
active |
hFc |
| 10326-H07E |
Human |
HMGB1 |
E. coli |
> 90 % |
active |
His |
| 10326-H08H |
Human |
HMGB1 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 93 % |
active |
His |
| 50913-M01H |
Mouse |
HMGB1 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 85 % |
active |
hFc |
| 50489-M08H |
Mouse |
RAGE |
HEK293 Cells |
> 96 % |
active |
His |
| 10061-H08B |
Human |
TLR2 |
Baculovirus-Insect Cells |
> 85 % |
|
His |
| 50502-M08B |
Mouse |
TLR2 |
Baculovirus-Insect Cells |
> 90 % |
|
His |
| 80400-R08B1 |
Rat |
TLR2 |
Baculovirus-Insect Cells |
> 90 % |
|
His |
| 10146-H08B |
Human |
TLR4 |
Baculovirus-Insect Cells |
> 87 % |
active |
His |
| 10390-H08H-B |
Human |
Tim-3 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 80 % |
active |
His |
| 51152-M08H |
Mouse |
Tim-3 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
|
His |
| 90312-C02H |
Cynomolgus |
Tim-3 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
|
hFc |
| 10602-HNAE |
Human |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| GMP-10602-HNAE |
Human |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| 50349-MNAE |
Mouse |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
> 98 % |
active |
Native |
| 60002-FNAE |
Ferret |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
active |
Native |
| 70003-DNAE |
Canine |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
> 96 % |
active |
Native |
| 80045-RNAE |
Rat |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
> 93 % |
active |
Native |
| 90330-CNAE-B |
Cynomolgus |
TNF-α |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
active |
Native |
| 11725-HNAE |
Human |
IFN-γ |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| GMP-11725-HNAE |
Human |
IFN-γ |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| 90008-C08H |
Rhesus |
IFN-γ |
HEK293 Cells |
> 90 % |
active |
His |
| 10111-H02H |
Human |
IL1R2 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
active |
hFc |
| 10139-HNAE |
Human |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| GMP-10139-HNAE |
Human |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % (SEC-HPLC) |
active |
Native |
| 50101-MNAE |
Mouse |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
> 97 % |
active |
Native |
| 65004-TNAE |
Rabbit |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
> 90 % |
active |
Native |
| 70018-DNAE |
Canine |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
> 96 % |
active |
Native |
| 80023-RNAE |
Rat |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
> 98 % |
active |
Native |
| 90010-CNAE |
Rhesus |
IL-1β |
E. coli |
> 97 % |
active |
Native |
| 10395-HNAE |
Human |
IL6 |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % |
active |
Native |
| 50136-MNAE |
Mouse |
IL6 |
E. coli |
> 90 % |
active |
Native |
| 80076-RNAE |
Rat |
IL6 |
E. coli |
> 85 % |
active |
Native |
| 90197-CNAE |
Rhesus |
IL6 |
E. coli |
> 85 % |
active |
Native |
| GMP-10395-HNAE |
Human |
IL6 |
E. coli |
≥ 95 % |
active |
Native |
| 10098-H01H1 |
Human |
IL8 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
active |
hFc |
| 70009-DNAE |
Canine |
IL8 |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
|
Native |
| 90280-CNAE |
Rhesus |
IL8 |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
|
Native |
| 10876-HNAE |
Human |
CXCL11 |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
|
Native |
| 10118-H01H |
Human |
CXCL12 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
active |
hFc |
| 50025-MNAE |
Mouse |
CXCL12 |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
|
Native |
| 70055-DNAE |
Canine |
CXCL12 |
E. coli |
> 95 % |
|
Native |
| 90009-C02H |
Rhesus |
CXCL12 |
HEK293 Cells |
> 95 % |
active |
hFc |
Other related proteins
- GSK3-β
- RAS
- Bcl-2
- ERK1/2
- p50
- STAT1
- CD14
- NRP1
- Jagged 1
Featured antibodies
Sino Biological has created a collection of antibodies for HMGB1, RAGE, and related molecules for use in IHC-IP, FCM, ELISA, IP, and WB.
Anti-HMGB1 antibody - Rabbit PAb - Cat#: 100930-T46
Immunochemical staining HMGB1 in human kidney. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Anti-RAGE antibody - Rabbit PAb - Cat#: 11629-T24
Immunochemical staining of human RAGE in human lung. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Anti-CXCL12 antibody - Rabbit PAb - Cat#: 10118-T08
Immunochemical staining of human CXCL12 in human liver. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
More antibodies (partial)
Source: Sino Biological Inc.
| Cat# |
Antigen |
Species |
Clonality |
Ig Type |
Application |
| 100930-T10 |
HMGB1 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
IHC-P, ICC/IF |
| 10326-MM10 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
ICC/IF |
| 10061-R067-P |
TLR2 |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
FCM |
| 10061-MM11 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
IHC-P |
| 10146-T16 |
TLR4 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 102040-T08 |
TLR9 |
Mouse |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
IHC-P |
| 10390-R024 |
TIM-3 |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 51152-T48 |
Mouse |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB, ELISA |
| 310268-T36 |
CXCR4 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB, IP |
| 102154-T32 |
RAGE |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB |
| 11629-MM02 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
IHC-P |
| 10139-R012 |
IL-1β |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 10139-M201 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
ELISA, IHC-P |
| 10602-R10N1 |
TNF-α |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
FCM, Neutralization |
| 10602-RP02 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB, ELISA, IP |
| 10602-MM01 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
ELISA, FCM |
| 11725-R003-A |
IFN-γ |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
FCM |
| 105908-T08 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
IHC-P |
| 11725-M005 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
WB |
| 10098-T16 |
IL-8 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 90280-R009 |
Rhesus |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 10395-R057 |
IL-6 |
Human |
Rabbit MAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA |
| 90197-RP02 |
Rhesus |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
ELISA, IHC-P |
| 10395-MM19 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
WB, IHC-P |
| 10876-MM08 |
CXCL11 |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG1 |
IHC-P |
| 10118-T08 |
CXCL12 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
IHC-P |
| 50025-T48 |
Mouse |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB, ELISA |
| 12054-MM04 |
NF-κB |
Human |
Mouse MAb |
Mouse IgG2a |
ELISA, FCM, ICC/IF |
| 201475-T44 |
MAPK13 |
Human |
Rabbit PAb |
Rabbit IgG |
WB, IHC-P, IP |
References
- Venereau E, Schiraldi M, Uguccioni M, et al. HMGB1 and leukocyte migration during trauma and sterile inflammation[J]. Molecular immunology, 2013, 55(1): 76-82.
- Chen Q, Guan X, Zuo X, et al. The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2016, 6(3): 183-188.
- Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang S, et al. HMGB1, an innate alarmin, plays a critical role in chronic inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity[J]. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2017, 454: 103-111.